静动力排水固结法处理淤泥软基振动试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李彰明  林军华 《岩土力学》2008,29(9):2378-2382

对于高含水率、大孔隙比的深厚淤泥地基,在静动力排水固结法处理中,采用组合式高效夯击减震锤（SAAT）等4种不同形状尺寸的典型夯锤,以975～1 125 kN•m单击夯击能夯击,进行场地振动加速度及夯沉量原位对比测试,获得SAAT夯锤与地基土首次接触、回弹和二次作用历时分别为15,80,35 ms,各锤作用下竖向与水平向加速度分别在10 m与5 m距离内急剧降低,得到满足规范（烈度Ⅶ度）安全要求时SAAT及各夯锤夯击综合安全距离为20～30 m,其中SAAT所需安全距离最小。结果表明,采用SAAT可明显提高夯击效率,并可有效地减小对周边环境的振动影响。此外,对该条件下夯击冲击波的传播及衰减规律进行了总结与分析。  相似文献   

深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

赵金洲 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):915-920

深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。  相似文献   

桩侧泥皮和桩底沉渣对钻孔桩承载力影响的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周红波 《岩土力学》2007,28(5):956-960

运用有限元软件模拟分析了桩侧泥皮和桩底沉渣对钻孔桩承载力的影响。通过对不同桩底沉渣厚度和强度下单桩承载力模拟计算,研究了沉渣对钻孔桩承载力的影响规律,指出沉渣厚度的影响存在临界值,当沉渣厚度超过临界值300 mm时沉渣厚度对单桩承载力影响不是很明显,主要是沉渣强度的影响。引入桩侧泥皮摩阻力折减系数来考虑泥皮强度的影响,计算分析了泥皮高度和强度对钻孔桩承载力的影响,并指出泥皮高度是主要因素。  相似文献   

断层构造对北票矿区煤层气地表泄漏的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐巨鹏  潘一山  梁政国 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):694-698

针对北票矿区台吉井田断层地质分布状况和关井后煤层气由地表泄漏的实际情况,从数值分析角度,利用ANSYS有限元软件,建立三维有限元模型,模拟了不考虑断层构造和考虑断层构造情况下,不同断层组合在开采前后的地应力场和位移场变化规律,得到了开采前后断层剖面应力场和特定水平剖面垂向位移等值线图等模拟结果,及一些有价值的结论。断层构造对开采前后应力场和位移场均有影响,应力场数值模拟得到采空区为原生气源集聚区;断层与采空区交界处的上、下端头位置所受应力最大,导致富集于采空区的煤层气向此处扩散运移,并通过断层中贯通裂隙向地表逸散,断层即是煤层气向地表逸散的重要通道;采空区上方的冒落带、裂隙带和弯曲带是次生气源集聚区。该数值模拟为搞清断层构造对北票矿区煤层气泄漏规律的影响和原生、次生气源集聚位置的确定提供了科学依据,对有效进行煤层气开发利用具有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

泥底辟输导流体机制及其与天然气水合物成藏的关系     

刘杰  孙美静  杨睿  苏明  严恒 《现代地质》2016,30(6):1399-1407

摘要：详细阐述不同成因的泥底辟流体输导模式,探讨了泥底辟输导体系的演化与天然气水合物成藏之间的关系,并分析神狐海域泥底辟输导体系对天然气水合物成藏的影响。底辟核外部伴生断裂、底辟核内部流体压裂裂缝和边缘裂缝带均可作为输导流体的通道。根据运移通道和动力等差异性,提出泥底辟输导流体的2种端元模式：超压-流体压裂输导型和边缘构造裂缝输导型。在此基础上,讨论了泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段对水合物的形成、富集和分解的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟形成的运移通道可能未延伸到水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发引起水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致水合物分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,水合物再次成藏。神狐海域内泥底辟分为花冠状和穹顶状两类,花冠状泥底辟以超压-流体压裂输导型为主;穹顶状泥底辟以底辟边缘裂缝输导型为主。泥底辟输导体系的差异性可能是神狐海域天然气水合物非均质分布的影响因素之一。 关键词：泥底辟;输导体系;天然气水合物;成藏机制;神狐海域  相似文献   

GRACE估计南极冰川质量变化的泄露影响及其改正     

邹芳  金双根 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(7):639-644

利用2003-01～2013-12期间GRACE数据反演得到地球表面质量变化,使用全球正向建模恢复法改正泄露影响,获得南极冰盖质量变化。比较GRACE直接估计和泄露影响改正后的结果发现,南极冰盖在2003～2013年质量变化信号衰减20.3%,西南极有26.4%的质量消融信号泄露到了周边,东南极的泄露影响更高达70%。改正后的结果表明,南极冰盖绝大部分质量消融发生在西南极和南极半岛,质量积累发生在东南极的Ronne冰架和Amery冰架;西南极冰盖质量变化速度达到-152.47±2.00 Gt/a,基本上等同于南极全岛的质量消融速度,而南极半岛的冰盖融化速度为-27.44±0.75 Gt/a,基本与东南极的冰盖质量积累速度27.27±5.12Gt/a抵消;南极全岛冰川整体质量以-152.64±7.00 Gt/a速度消失,并以-18.85±4.87 Gt/a2的加速度加速融化,导致海平面以0.41 mm/a的速度上升。  相似文献   

Development of a river delta: a case study of Cimanuk river mouth,Indonesia     

Nita Yuanita  Tawatchai Tingsanchali 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3785-3801

This paper describes delta development processes with particular reference to Cimanuk Delta in Indonesia. Cimanuk river delta, the most rapidly growing river delta in Indonesia, is located on the northern coast of Java Island. The delta is subject to ocean waves of less than 1 m height due to its position in the semi‐enclosed Java Sea in the Indonesian archipelago. The study has been carried out using a hydrodynamic model that accounts for sediment movement through the rivers and estuaries. As an advanced approach to management of river deltas, a numerical model, namely MIKE‐21, is used as a tool in the management of Cimanuk river delta. From calibration and verification of hydrodynamic model, it was found that the best value of bed roughness was 0·1 m. For the sediment‐transport model, the calibration parameters were adjusted to obtain the most satisfactory results of suspended sediment concentration and volume of deposition. By comparing the computed and observed data in the calibration, the best values of critical bed shear stress for deposition, critical bed shear stress for erosion and erosion coefficient were 0·05 N m^?2, 0·15 N m^?2, and 0·00001 kg m^?2 s^?1, respectively. The calibrated model was then used to analyse sensitivity of model parameters and to simulate delta development during the periods 1945–1963 and 1981–1997. It was found that the sensitive model parameters were bed shear stresses for deposition and erosion, while the important model inputs were river suspended sediment concentration, sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic. The model result showed reasonable agreement with the observed data. As evidenced by field data, the mathematical model proves that the Cimanuk river delta is a river‐dominated delta because of its protrusion pattern and very high sediment loads from the Cimanuk river. It was concluded that 86% of sediment load from the Cimanuk river was deposited in the Cimanuk delta. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Identifying carbon leakage sectors in the EU ETS and implications of results     

Ingmar Juergens  Jesús Barreiro-Hurlé  Alexander Vasa 《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):89-109

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Historic versus output-based allocation of GHG tradable allowances: a comparison     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):575-592

Two ways of allocating greenhouse gas (GHG) allowances are compared: historic allocation (HA) based solely on past information, and output-based allocation (OBA) based on an allocation proportional to the current output level. The advantages and problems of each allocation method are considered and compared. It is essential to distinguish the sectors sheltered from international competition (e.g. power generation) from the exposed sectors. In the sheltered sectors, OBA entails a much higher overall cost because it provides too little incentive to reduce the production of the polluting goods. HA does not suffer from this drawback but its distributional impact is highly unfair. Hence in these sectors neither of these two ways of freely allocating allowances can be supported, and auctioning should be favoured. However, in the exposed sectors, OBA is an option worth considering because it reduces carbon leakage, although it also suffers from some drawbacks compared with auctioning.  相似文献   

Biomass strategies for climate policies?     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):319-333

Abstract

This paper discusses the results of the BEAP linear programming model that has been developed to study the optimal use of biomass and land for greenhouse gas emission reduction, notably the competition between food production, biomass production for energy and materials and afforestation. The model results suggest up to 100 EJ biomass use in case of global policies (about 20% of global primary energy use). The biomass is used for industrial and residential heating, transportation fuels and as a feedstock for plastics. In the electricity markets competing emission reduction options are more cost-effective than biomass. In case the Kyoto protocol is continued beyond 2010 the developed countries can rely in 2020–2030 on afforestation and land use change credits from developing countries, without any major use of other emission reduction strategies. However, in case of a planning perspective of more than half a century bioenergy is preferred instead of afforestation. The results indicate a limited impact on global agricultural trade, but food demand may be affected by CO₂ policies.  相似文献